Government
On 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law came into effect. The Basic Law is the constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It enshrines within a legal document the important concepts of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy. According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong's political system and way of life remain unchanged for 50 years. The rights and freedoms of people in Hong Kong are based on the impartial rule of law and an independent judiciary.
- Head of Government: Chief Executive
- Cabinet: Executive Council
- Legislature: Legislative Council, 90 seats
- Highest Court: Court of Final Appeal
Other useful information:
Economy
Hong Kong's economy is characterised by free trade, low taxation and minimum government intervention. It is the world's 7th largest trading economy, with the mainland of China as its most significant trading partner. Hong Kong is also a major service economy, with particularly strong links to mainland China and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region.
- Currency: Hong Kong dollar
- GDP: HK$2,842.9 billion (2018)
- GDP per capita: HK$381,544 (2018)
- Real GDP growth: +3.0% (2018)
- Labour force: 3.979 million (2018
Geography
At the south-eastern tip of China, Hong Kong covers Hong Kong Island, Lantau Island, the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories, including 262 outlying islands. Between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula lies Victoria Harbour, one of the world's most renowned deep-water harbours.
- Total area: 1,106.66 square kilometres
- Land developed: less than 25%
- Country parks and nature reserves: 40%
Climate
Hong Kong's climate is sub-tropical, with temperatures dropping below 10 degrees Celsius in winter and exceeding 31 degrees Celsius in summer. It is warm, sunny and dry in autumn, cool and dry in winter, warm and humid in spring, and hot and rainy in summer.
- Average annual rainfall: 2,398.5mm
- Wettest months: June and August
- Driest months: January and December
Population
Hong Kong's population was approximately 7.52 million in 2019. People of Chinese descent comprise the vast majority of the population.
- Population density: 6,880 people per square kilometre (as at mid-2018)
- Crude birth rate: 7.2 per 1,000 (2018)
- Percentage of population of Chinese ethnicity: 92% (as at mid-2016)
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Other significant national groups:
- Philippines (196,546 total)
- Indonesia (174,105 total)
- India (34,217 total)
More on Hong Kong's population
Language
Chinese and English are the official languages of Hong Kong. English is widely used in the Government and by the legal, professional and business sectors. Trilingual professionals who speak English, Cantonese and Putonghua play a vital role in the numerous enterprises trading in Hong Kong or doing business with mainland China and Taiwan.
Proportion of population aged 5 and over by usual spoken language:
- Cantonese: 88.9% (2016)
- Putonghua: 1.9% (2016)
- Other Chinese dialect: 3.1% (2016)
- English: 4.3% (2016)
- Other language: 1.9% (2016)